source is bibliographic

Ryan, E. (2022, November 11). Types of Sources Explained | Examples & Tips. Scribbr. Retrieved May 24, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/working-with-sources/types-of-sources/

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Create a bibliography, citations, and references

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Put your cursor at the end of the text you want to cite.

Go to References > Style , and choose a citation style.

On the References tab choose a citation style from the Style list

Select Insert Citation .

Point to Insert Citation, and choose Add New Source

Choose Add New Source and fill out the information about your source.

Once you've added a source to your list, you can cite it again:

Go to References > Insert Citation , and choose the source you are citing.

To add details, like page numbers if you're citing a book, select Citation Options , and then Edit Citation .

Create a bibliography

With cited sources in your document, you're ready to create a bibliography.

Put your cursor where you want the bibliography.

Go to References > Bibliography , and choose a format.

Tip: If you cite a new source, add it to the bibliography by clicking anywhere in the bibliography and selecting Update Citations and Bibliography .

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What is a Bibliography?

TK Waters has been an adjunct professor of religion at Western Kentucky University for six years. They have a master's degree in religious studies from Western Kentucky University and a bachelor's degree in English literature and religious studies from Western Kentucky University.

Doresa holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies.

Types of bibliographies, how to write a bibliography, lesson summary, how do you write a bibliography.

The bibliography structure always includes citing the author's name, the title of the work, the year of publication, and the publisher for each source one consults for a paper or project. Although the details of how this is formatted differ for each citation style, the basics are universal, with the bibliography alphabetized by the author's last name for each source.

What do you write in a bibliography?

A bibliography is a detailed list of all the sources consulted and cited in a research paper or project. The bibliography structure always includes citing the author's name, the title of the work, the year of publication, and the publisher for each source one consults for a paper or project. Although the formatting details differ for each citation style, the basics are universal, and the bibliography is always alphabetized by the author's last name for each source.

What is a bibliography for an essay?

A bibliography is a list of sources reviewed when writing the essay; this can include references cited in the body of the paper and sources from general information.

What should a bibliography look like?

Bibliographies look different depending on the citation style. The bibliography structure always includes citing the author's name, the title of the work, the year of publication, and the publisher for each source one consults for a paper or project. Although specific formatting details differ for each citation style, the basics are universal for each type, with the bibliography alphabetized by the author's last name for each source.

How do you write a bibliography for a website?

A website is cited similarly to a book or article by including the author, title, publisher, date of publication, and URL for the source. The bibliographic entry style varies depending on the utilization of Chicago, APA, or MLA style, but all of these elements are always included when available.

How do you begin a bibliography?

The best way to begin a bibliography is by keeping a list of sources consulted during the research. Upon completion of the study, one should follow the required citation style (usually Chicago, APA, or MLA) and put all of the information about the source, such as author and title, into that format.

Most high schools, colleges, and universities require research papers and projects, so students need to know how to write a bibliography to cite the research sources they use. A bibliography is a list of sources one consults and references in a research paper or project. What does bibliography mean? The word "bibliography" is Greek. The Greek words biblio and graphia literally mean "the writing of/about books."

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Why Do We Use Bibliographies?

Have you ever sat in a chair, looked out on a beautiful sunset and thought, 'what exactly is a bibliography?' Me either, but you may have to write one one day, so let's talk about what a bibliography is and why they are important.

Most often, when the word 'bibliography' is used in an academic setting it's referring to a list of sources used by the author to inform their work on a given topic . This means that you're going to include all the works that were read when researching the topic - whether or not they're used directly in your own writing.

There are several reasons why we use bibliographies. The first major reason for using a bibliography is to inform your reader on how widely you researched the topic on which you're writing. While you may cite only seven or eight sources within a paper, you may have read 25, 50, or even 100 different books, journal articles, or scholarly websites in finding those sources. Showing just how widely you researched your topic provides more credence and credibility to your work.

Another use for a bibliography is to allow your reader to know if you considered a work but chose not to include it within your piece, or if you didn't consult a particular author at all. For instance, I may be completing a research paper on the behavior of chimpanzees both in the wild and in captivity. If someone was reading through my piece and didn't see me cite Jane Goodall, one of the most famous chimpanzee experts of all time, they may be curious. A bibliography would let them know if I considered any of her famous works or if I failed to give her work any consideration at all. This would allow them to critique my own work on a much more informed basis.

One of the largest benefits for you personally in creating a bibliography is that it allows you to keep track of all the research you've consulted on a topic. For instance, when you are first writing a paper that you've researched, you may not initially utilize a source that you consulted. However, after you've done some rewriting and reworking of your paper, you may find that you really did need to include a source after all. Having a bibliography, it would be much easier for you to find the source information; you don't have to start all over again in the search process. Creating a bibliography allows you to build a small database of information on a number of given topics. While you're never going to write the same paper twice in an academic setting, you may write on a similar subject. Having a bibliography that you created as a place to start your research will put you much further ahead in the process.

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Although the concept of a bibliography might seem straightforward, many different types of bibliographies exist and are necessary for different situations. These types include, but are not limited to, the following:

Enumerative Bibliography

The most commonly used type of bibliography is the enumerative bibliography , sometimes called a systematic bibliography. This type of bibliography is simply a list of the sources consulted and cited in a research paper or project ordered in a particular way, usually alphabetically by each author's last name. Whenever an assignment or instructor requests a "bibliography" without any other details, they typically refer to an enumerative bibliography.

Being able to understand what a bibliography is and how to do a bibliography are entirely different concepts. Many students in high schools, colleges, and even universities might be comfortable writing a research paper but still wonder, "How do you write a bibliography?" The bibliography in a research paper or project is typically one of the last pages of the paper, occurring after the bulk of the writing but before appendices. All bibliographies must include all of the references used to create the paper or project and what bibliographic information is available for a source; this includes:

Different citation styles determine how the bibliography should be formatted. Usually, an instructor or assignment will indicate the required citation style for the class or assignment. The three primary citation styles are the Chicago Manual of Style, the APA Style, and the MLA Style. While the Chicago style uses "bibliography" to refer to the bibliographies in their papers, APA style uses "references" while MLA style uses "works cited." The names refer to the same information, but each style guide has different requirements for formatting.

Chicago Style

The Chicago Manual of Style is the style used most commonly in history, anthropology, religious studies, and other humanities fields. Chicago style uses "Bibliography" to title the list of sources at the end of a paper. In addition to a bibliography, writers should include footnotes or endnotes in the body of their work. As the readers are reading, these notes detail where outside information was used. The basic information in a Chicago style bibliographic entry is as follows and in this order:

This information varies depending on the source cited, but the general order stays the same in Chicago style. What does a Chicago-style bibliography look like? Here are a few examples of different sources (book, journal article, film, and newspaper article) formatted in Chicago style. The author's last name alphabetizes all sources, only the first line of each entry is aligned to the left margin while subsequent lines are indented, and URLs are included for internet sources. Page ranges for articles appear after the volume number and issue number.

A bibliography is used in most academic writing to list works that an author consults in their research. This application gives the author credibility, lets their readers know where the author found the information and gives credit to other authors who have previously written various works. There are a few common types of bibliographies:

What are the types on bibliographies? The first type you may find is an annotated bibliography , and that's going to give the citation of each source you consulted along with a brief description and evaluation of the source.

The second type is enumerative. An enumerative bibliography is a list of sources that were consulted, simply citing them in a proper format.

The third type of bibliography is a list of works published during a particular time in history - that's called a period bibliography . These are often used in anthropological, historical, or cultural research.

A subject bibliography is a list of sources on a particular subject, often considered a record of the most important works in any given field of study.

Now that you know the types of bibliography, let's talk about how you create one.

How Do You Create a Bibliography?

One of the first things you have to do in preparing to create a bibliography is to decide in advance what type of bibliography you are going to do - annotated, enumerative, period, or subject. In an academic setting, you are most likely going to do an annotated or enumerative bibliography. The second step is to decide on the citation formatting you're going to be using. The two most common types are APA and MLA, followed by Chicago formatting. The third step is to keep a record of the citations that you're going to be using, as well as keeping them in your chosen format.

Now, on your screen, you're going to see a sample annotated bibliography in APA format. This bibliography sample is provided to us by Purdue University. As you can see, the first step is to cite the source in proper formatting - that's the first paragraph that you see. That is an APA-formatted source: author's last name, year of publication, the title of the book, as well as the publishing information.

The second thing that you see is a brief summary of the work; that's that second paragraph. You see exactly what the book is about. Is it fiction or nonfiction? What is it based on, and what are the basic things that it covers? The final paragraph is a brief critique of the work from this particular researcher's point of view.

When Do You Need a Bibliography?

Now, how do you know when you need a bibliography? A good way to know is if your professor tells you to write one. On those occasions when it isn't clear - or isn't that clear - here are some good rules of thumb for deciding whether or not to utilize a bibliography:

1. When you are researching a topic you may want or need to do further research on in the future, you're going to want to do a bibliography. This includes any papers written in your major or minor field of study.

2. When you are writing a biography of a famous and/or historical person in which there are a lot of sources or a particularly large body of work.

3. When you are presenting new information in a field of study, or your conclusions are contrary or contrasting current trends or norms of the time.

4. When you are providing a critique of another author's piece of work.

5. When you are writing a paper for which others will be critiquing your conclusions.

6. When you have chosen to write on a more advanced topic and have chosen not to provide foundational information. This will allow the reader to know that you have looked at the foundations of the field, but chose to spend your limited writing space on more advanced information.

Lesson Objectives

After watching this lesson, you should be able to:

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COMMENTS

How to Cite Sources
A reference list (aka “Bibliography” or “Works Cited,” depending on the style) is where you provide full information on each of the sources you’ve cited in the text. It appears at the end of your paper, usually with a hanging indent applied to each entry.
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This section provides information on evaluating bibliographic citations, aspects of evaluation, reading evaluation, print vs. online sources, and evaluating Internet sources. A bibliographic citation provides relevant information about the author and publication as well as a short summary of the text, usually known as the abstract.
How to Write a Bibliography, With Examples
A bibliography is the list of sources a work’s author used to create the work. It accompanies just about every type of academic writing , like essays , research papers , and reports . You might also find a brief, less formal bibliography at the end of a journalistic piece, presentation, or video when the author feels it’s necessary to cite ...
Types of Documentation: Bibliographies and Source Lists
A bibliography is a list of books and other source material that you have used in preparing a research paper. Sometimes these lists will include works that you consulted but did not cite specifically in your assignment. Consult the style guide required for your assignment to determine the specific title of your bibliography page as well as how ...
Types of Sources Explained
For these reasons, they are typically considered credible sources. Popular sources like magazines and news articles are typically written by journalists. These types of sources usually don’t include a bibliography and are written for a popular, rather than academic, audience.
Create a bibliography, citations, and references
Put your cursor where you want the bibliography. Go to References > Bibliography , and choose a format. Tip: If you cite a new source, add it to the bibliography by clicking anywhere in the bibliography and selecting Update Citations and Bibliography .
What is a Bibliography?
A bibliography is a list of sources reviewed when writing the essay; this can include references cited in the body of the paper and sources from general information.